{"id":3829,"date":"2020-01-27T14:12:25","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T13:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/?p=3829"},"modified":"2020-01-27T14:28:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-27T13:28:31","slug":"definitions-clabsi-en-neonatalogie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/definitions-clabsi-en-neonatalogie\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9finitions CLABSI en n\u00e9onatalogie"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3830\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01-750x497.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01-750x497.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01-768x508.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01-228x151.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01-80x53.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cath01.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Introduction<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Plusieurs protocoles de surveillance existent pour la surveillance de CLABSI (\u00ab c<i>entral line associated bloodstream infections<\/i> \u00bb ou infections sanguines associ\u00e9es au cath\u00e9ter de voie centrale) en n\u00e9onatalogie. On peut se baser sur le \u00ab Neo-Kiss \u00bb (\u00ab <i>Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System<\/i> \u00bb) allemand. Dans ce syst\u00e8me de surveillance, il est possible d\u2019enregistrer les infections associ\u00e9es aux soins en n\u00e9onatalogie et aux soins intensifs pour les enfants de moins de 1500 gr, dont entre autres l\u2019ent\u00e9rocolite n\u00e9crosante (ENN), la septic\u00e9mie (BSI) et la pneumonie. Dans l\u2019analyse, il peut \u00eatre tenu compte de l\u2019utilisation de dispositifs m\u00e9dicaux, comme un cath\u00e9ter veineux central (CVC) et un cath\u00e9ter veineux p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique (CVP), une intubation et CPAP (\u00ab <i>continuous positive airway pressure<\/i> \u00bb ou ventilation en pression positive continue) et du nombre de jours d\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques <sup>(1,2)<\/sup>. Pour les septic\u00e9mies confirm\u00e9es en laboratoire assorties d\u2019un microorganisme (MO) pathog\u00e8ne (pas \u00e0 coagulase n\u00e9gative), les cultures positives dans le liquide c\u00e9phalorachidien entrent \u00e9galement en ligne de compte.<\/p>\n<p>Citons \u00e9galement le protocole de surveillance des septic\u00e9mies dans les h\u00f4pitaux belges (NSIH) ; ce protocole inclut des crit\u00e8res distincts pour l\u2019enregistrement des septic\u00e9mies (BSI) affectant des patients n\u00e9onataux de moins de 28 jours sans qu\u2019une distinction ne soit toutefois \u00e9tablie dans les cat\u00e9gories de poids des patients <sup>(3)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Pour terminer, citons \u00e9galement le protocole des \u00ab Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \u00bb. Dans le module \u00ab <i>device associated<\/i> \u00bb du processus de surveillance des septic\u00e9mies, les patients en soins intensifs n\u00e9onataux sont subdivis\u00e9s en cinq cat\u00e9gories selon le poids \u00e0 la naissance (de \u2264 750 g \u00e0 &gt;2500 g) <sup>(4)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Voici un aper\u00e7u de la comparaison entre les trois protocoles de surveillance.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Crit\u00e8res pour une CLABSI<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>a) pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3832\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-750x339.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-750x339.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-768x347.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-1024x463.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-228x103.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-a-80x36.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>b) Septic\u00e9mie clinique<\/p>\n<p>Seul le protocole Neo-Kiss enregistre la septic\u00e9mie clinique en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un pathog\u00e8ne. Les crit\u00e8res \u00e0 respecter sont les suivants : hors la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un pathog\u00e8ne mis en culture, une th\u00e9rapie antimicrobienne adapt\u00e9e doit \u00eatre mise en place pendant au moins 5 jours et il ne doit y avoir aucun autre foyer d\u2019infection. En marge de ces crit\u00e8res, il convient en outre de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 au moins deux des sept crit\u00e8res suppl\u00e9mentaires (voir liste des sympt\u00f4mes).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>En cas de culture d\u2019un seul germe \u00e0 coagulase n\u00e9gative (CNS), la septic\u00e9mie clinique ne peut \u00eatre exclue s\u2019il n\u2019est pas satisfait aux crit\u00e8res de CNS-BSI (voir plus loin), mais bien aux crit\u00e8res de la septic\u00e9mie clinique.<\/p>\n<p>c) Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un pathog\u00e8ne<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3834\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-750x394.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-750x394.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-768x404.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-1024x538.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-228x120.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-b-80x42.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>d) Exclusion de microorganismes (MO)<\/p>\n<p>NSIH et Neo-Kiss n\u2019excluent aucun MO. Le protocole CDC mentionne plusieurs MO qui ne sont pas enregistr\u00e9s en cas de septic\u00e9mies primaires, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019ils peuvent uniquement entrer en ligne de compte pour l\u2019enregistrement de septic\u00e9mies secondaires : <i>Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Listeria, Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium difficile, E. coli ent\u00e9roh\u00e9morragiques<\/i> et <i>E. coli<\/i> ent\u00e9ropathog\u00e8nes. De plus, il y a \u00e9galement des MO typiquement \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019infections \u00ab community-associated \u00bb et rarement d\u2019infections li\u00e9es \u00e0 des soins et qui, par cons\u00e9quent, sont \u00e9galement exclus. <i>Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, Cryptococcus <\/i>et <i>Pneumocystis<\/i>.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p>e) Pr\u00e9sence de flore commensale (flore cutan\u00e9e normale)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3835\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-750x296.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-750x296.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-768x303.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-1024x404.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-228x90.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-c-80x32.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nf) Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un seul CNS<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3836\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-750x253.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-750x253.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-768x259.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-1024x345.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-228x77.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-d-80x27.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Seuls Neo-Kiss et NSIH \u00e9tablissent, au niveau de la flore cutan\u00e9e, une distinction entre non-CNS et CNS.<\/p>\n<p>Il convient de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 au moins deux sympt\u00f4mes (voir plus loin) et \u00e0 un param\u00e8tre de laboratoire (voir plus loin). Les listes des sympt\u00f4mes et des param\u00e8tres de laboratoire de Neo-Kiss et NSIH sont dans une large mesure comparables, mais pr\u00e9sentent quelques divergences mineures.<\/p>\n<p>g) \u00c9pisode de septic\u00e9mie<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3837\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-750x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-750x222.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-768x228.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-1024x304.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-228x68.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-e-80x24.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>h) Liste des sympt\u00f4mes<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3838\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-750x417.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-750x417.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-768x427.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-1024x569.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-1038x576.png 1038w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-228x127.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f-80x44.png 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-f.png 1962w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>i) Liste des param\u00e8tres de laboratoire suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/p>\n<p><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3833\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-750x161.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-750x161.png 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-768x165.png 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-1024x220.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-228x49.png 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/clapsi-g-80x17.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b>Discussion et conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>La diff\u00e9rence entre les protocoles existants complique la surveillance de CLABSI dans la pratique. Au sein de l\u2019Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, l\u2019enregistrement se fait selon les trois protocoles. Des donn\u00e9es doivent d\u2019une part \u00eatre r\u00e9colt\u00e9es selon le protocole CDC, vu que, dans le cadre de l\u2019accr\u00e9ditation Magnet, des donn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre fournies pour la \u00ab National Databank of Nursing Quality Indicators\u00ae (NDNQI\u00ae) \u00bb <sup>(5)<\/sup>. Ce sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les donn\u00e9es de cette base de donn\u00e9es qui servent au benchmarking \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital. Sans oublier l\u2019obligation l\u00e9gale, au niveau national, de participer au moins pendant un trimestre \u00e0 la surveillance nationale de septic\u00e9mies. Pour terminer, l\u2019h\u00f4pital s\u2019est \u00e9galement engag\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir des donn\u00e9es de n\u00e9onatalogie dans le cadre de Neo-Kiss. Une adaptation au niveau national de l\u2019un de ces protocoles constituerait d\u00e9j\u00e0 une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape vers l\u2019uniformit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duirait le risque d\u2019interpr\u00e9tations erron\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00a0R\u00e9f\u00e9rences <\/b><\/h2>\n<p>1. Sciensano. National surveillance of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensieve care units in Belgium (Neo-Kiss).<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.sciensano.be\/nl\/biblio\/national-surveillance-nosocomial-infections-neonatal-intensive-care-units-belgium-neo-kiss.<\/p>\n<p>2. Nationales Referenzzentrum f\u00fcr Surveillance von nosokomialen Infektionen.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.nrz-hygiene.de\/fileadmin\/nrz\/module\/recent\/NEO-KISS_Protokoll.pdf<\/p>\n<p>3. Sciensano. Zorginfecties en antimicrobi\u00eble resistentie (NSIH). Surveillance bloedstroominfecties in Belgische ziekenhuizen. Protocol versie 4.4, mei 2017.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.wiv-isp.be\/nsih\/download\/BSI%20surv%20protocol_NL_Jun2017.pdf<\/p>\n<p>4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Patient Safety Component Manual CDC. <br \/>\nJanuary 2019.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/pcsmanual_current.pdf.<\/p>\n<p>5. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing (OJIN). The National Databank of Nursing Quality Indicators\u00ae (NDNQI\u00ae);12(3),2007.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/ojin.nursingworld.org\/MainMenuCategories\/ANAMarketplace\/ANAPeriodicals\/OJIN\/TableofContents\/Volume122007\/No3Sept07\/NursingQualityIndicators.aspx<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdf24Plugin-cp\"> \t<form name=\"pdf24Form0\" method=\"post\" target=\"pdf24PopWin\" action=\"https:\/\/doc2pdf.pdf24.org\/wordpress.php\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogCharset\" value=\"Cw1x07UAAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogPosts\" value=\"MwQA\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogUrl\" value=\"yygpKSi20tcvLy\/Xy8svzs\/MS8vXS0rVh7GLAQ==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogName\" value=\"8\/MP9lfw9HPzBwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogValueEncoding\" value=\"gzdeflate base64\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocHeader\" value=\"AwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocSize\" value=\"MzI0qDCyNAcA\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocOrientation\" 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