{"id":1445,"date":"2016-01-11T07:43:49","date_gmt":"2016-01-11T06:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2016-01-11T08:50:21","modified_gmt":"2016-01-11T07:50:21","slug":"tendre-vers-une-reduction-des-bacteriemies-associees-aux-catheters-bac-lors-de-dialyses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/tendre-vers-une-reduction-des-bacteriemies-associees-aux-catheters-bac-lors-de-dialyses\/","title":{"rendered":"Tendre vers une r\u00e9duction des bacteri\u00e9mies associ\u00e9es aux cath\u00e9ters (BAC) lors de dialyses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1403\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14-750x333.jpg\" alt=\"Dialyse\" width=\"750\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14-750x333.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14-1024x455.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14-228x101.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-14-80x36.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tout patient d&rsquo;h\u00e9modialyse chronique est confront\u00e9 au risque d\u2019une bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie associ\u00e9e aux cath\u00e9ters (BAC). Le risque de d\u00e9velopper cette complication d\u00e9pend de la voie d\u2019acc\u00e8s choisie\u00a0: un cath\u00e9ter de dialyse temporaire ou permanent induit un risque d\u2019infection sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 une fistule art\u00e9rio-veineuse <sup>[1,2,3]<\/sup>. Selon certaines sources, les taux d\u2019hospitalisation et de mortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 des infections sont 2 \u00e0 3 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans le cas de patients d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse sur cath\u00e9ter<sup>[4,5]<\/sup>. La pathog\u00e9n\u00e8se des BAC est claire. Les bact\u00e9ries p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans les vaisseaux sanguins \u00e0 partir de la peau, par le biais du site d\u2019insertion du cath\u00e9ter, ou des bact\u00e9ries formant un biofilm p\u00e9n\u00e8trent directement dans le cath\u00e9ter \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une manipulation non aseptique <sup>[6]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Au vu des potentielles cons\u00e9quences lourdes des BAC sur les patients d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse, la surveillance des BAC aupr\u00e8s des patients d&rsquo;h\u00e9modialyse chronique s\u2019av\u00e8re particuli\u00e8rement judicieuse. Cet article est un compte rendu d\u2019un projet d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 suivant la m\u00e9thode en 7 \u00e9tapes. <sup>[7]<\/sup> Ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re autonome par l\u2019unit\u00e9 de dialyse. La m\u00e9thode appliqu\u00e9e est celle du Netwerk Klinische Paden de la KU Leuven dont le but est de soutenir les \u00e9quipes <strong>multidisciplinaires dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration, la mise en place, l\u2019\u00e9valuation et le suivi continu de l\u2019organisation d\u2019un processus de soins. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Approche selon le cycle PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act\/Adjust)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fig.1. M\u00e9thode en 7 \u00e9tapes pour mettre en place un itin\u00e9raire de soins<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1447\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr-750x427.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-03-fr\" width=\"750\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr-750x427.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr-1024x583.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr-228x130.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-03-fr-80x46.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Phase 1\u00a0: screening<br \/><\/strong>Toutes les h\u00e9mocultures de patients en dialyse chronique pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es lors d\u2019une m\u00eame ann\u00e9e civile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es pour identifier la pr\u00e9sence de pathog\u00e8nes (h\u00e9mocultures positives). Les d\u00e9finitions du protocole sepsis de l&rsquo;Institut Scientifique de Sant\u00e9 Publique (WIV-ISP) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es. Les patients dialys\u00e9s aigus temporaires et les patients sous dialyse p\u00e9riton\u00e9ale n\u00e9cessitant une h\u00e9modialyse temporaire n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 inclus. Dans le cadre de l\u2019analyse, tout patient d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse chronique pr\u00e9sentant une h\u00e9moculture positive non secondaire \u00e0 une autre infection a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un patient pr\u00e9sentant un sepsis associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un cath\u00e9ter, identifi\u00e9 dans cet article par l\u2019abr\u00e9viation BAC. D\u2019apr\u00e8s ce screening, les infections li\u00e9es \u00e0 des cath\u00e9ters en 2008 et 2009 ont augment\u00e9 de 1,03 \u00e0 1,17 par 1000 jours-cath\u00e9ter. Le centre de dialyse a per\u00e7u la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9laborer un projet d\u2019am\u00e9lioration multidisciplinaire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phase 2\u00a0: approche par projets <br \/><\/strong>Un n\u00e9phrologue et 2 infirmiers de dialyse ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s chefs de projet. Lors des moments de concertation d\u2019\u00e9quipe, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 un brainstorming multidisciplinaire concernant des possibles actions d\u2019am\u00e9lioration visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le risque de BAC aupr\u00e8s de patients d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse chronique. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de dialyse \u00e9tait clairement pr\u00eate \u00e0 changer et \u00e0 innover. Un groupe de travail sur les soins impliquant l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place sur une base volontaire. Les soins au site de sortie et les manipulations du cath\u00e9ter de dialyse sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme cruciaux dans la pr\u00e9vention des BAC. La proc\u00e9dure existante pour les soins li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter a \u00e9t\u00e9 pass\u00e9e sous la loupe et compar\u00e9e aux directives Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (directives KDOQI) <sup>[8]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phase 3\u00a0: diagnostic &amp; objectivation<br \/><\/strong>C\u2019est sous la devise \u00ab\u00a0mesurer c\u2019est savoir\u00a0\u00bb que des donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rassembl\u00e9es et trait\u00e9es. Les chiffres BAC obtenus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compar\u00e9s avec les crit\u00e8res de performance internationaux objectifs suivants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fig. 2. Crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9valuation du taux de BAC aupr\u00e8s des patients d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse chronique<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1448\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04-750x238.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-04\" width=\"750\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04-750x238.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04-1024x324.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04-228x72.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-04-80x25.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p><\/strong>BAC : bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie associ\u00e9e aux cath\u00e9ters<\/p>\n<p>Un objectif de &lt; 1 BAC\/1000 jours-cath\u00e9ter \u2013 dans le but d\u2019offrir des soins excellents \u2013 a \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9. Il est \u00e9valu\u00e9 chaque ann\u00e9e si cette norme est atteinte.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phase 4\u00a0: d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<br \/><\/strong>Diff\u00e9rentes actions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place pendant la phase de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<p>Le groupe de travail sur les soins li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter a r\u00e9vis\u00e9 la proc\u00e9dure de soins li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter en int\u00e9grant les directives KDOQI. Des seringues st\u00e9riles pr\u00e9-remplies de 20 ml de s\u00e9rum physiologique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour le rin\u00e7age du cath\u00e9ter. Le contenu des sets de raccordement et de fermeture a \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9. Le nombre de mat\u00e9riaux emball\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment \u00e0 utiliser a \u00e9t\u00e9 revu \u00e0 la baisse, r\u00e9duisant la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019actes non st\u00e9riles. La pr\u00e9paration du set de fermeture, les soins au site d\u2019insertion du cath\u00e9ter et le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 lors du raccordement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9s. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait la promotion de l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne des mains et de la d\u00e9sinfection de l\u2019\u00e9cran de l\u2019appareil de dialyse (surface souvent touch\u00e9e).<\/p>\n<p>Vu que le dialys\u00e9 endosse souvent \u00e9galement une responsabilit\u00e9 propre et doit participer \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention des BAC, une brochure destin\u00e9e aux patients a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e et des investissements dans une \u00e9ducation des patients suppl\u00e9mentaire concernant la pr\u00e9vention d\u2019infections dues \u00e0 un cath\u00e9ter ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consentis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fig. 3 exemples de quelques nouveaut\u00e9s dans la proc\u00e9dure de soins li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de cath\u00e9ters lors de dialyses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Nouveaux sets de raccordement et de fermeture<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1400\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06-750x498.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-06\" width=\"750\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06-750x498.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06-1024x680.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06-228x152.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06-80x53.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-06.jpg 1860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1401\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05-750x491.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-05\" width=\"750\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05-750x491.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05-1024x670.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05-228x149.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05-80x52.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-05.jpg 1824w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>D\u00e9sinfection des connexions \u00e0 l\u2019aide de compresses impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es de chlorhexidine alcoolique (\u00ab\u00a0scrub the hub\u00a0\u00bb)<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1399\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07-750x505.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-07\" width=\"750\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07-750x505.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07-1024x690.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07-228x154.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-07-80x54.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1398\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08-750x507.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-08\" width=\"750\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08-750x507.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08-1024x692.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08-228x154.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-08-80x54.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Bouchons obturateurs dans chlorhexidine alcoolique \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Utilisation d\u2019acide fusidique en pommade uniquement dans des indications bien pr\u00e9cises (en cas de cath\u00e9ter temporaire ; en cas de cath\u00e9ter d\u00e9finitif si cuff visible ou pendant une courte p\u00e9riode en cas de rougeurs au niveau du site d\u2019insertion du cath\u00e9ter apr\u00e8s pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de culture))<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1397\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09-750x523.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-09\" width=\"750\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09-750x523.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09-1024x714.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09-228x159.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09-80x56.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-09.jpg 1764w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1396\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10-750x787.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-10\" width=\"750\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10-750x787.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10-976x1024.jpg 976w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10-228x239.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10-57x60.jpg 57w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-10.jpg 1470w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Phases 5 &amp; 6\u00a0: mise en place et \u00e9valuation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le nouveau proc\u00e9d\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 expliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les infirmiers de dialyse \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019une r\u00e9union d\u2019\u00e9quipe. A l\u2019issue d\u2019une phase d\u2019information pouss\u00e9e, toutes les mesures (dont l\u2019information des patients) ont imm\u00e9diatement \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 large \u00e9chelle en 2012. La nouvelle proc\u00e9dure concernant les soins li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de cath\u00e9ters est disponible dans le livre de proc\u00e9dures \u00e9lectronique et \u00e9valu\u00e9e lors des moments de concertation en \u00e9quipe. Les indications pour l\u2019utilisation de pommade antibiotique (acide fusidique Fucidin<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement \u00e9tablies. Les r\u00e9sultats du processus d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s positifs. Le taux de BAC s\u2019\u00e9levait en 2012 \u00e0 0,75\/1000 jours-cath\u00e9ter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phase 7\u00a0: suivi continu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chaque ann\u00e9e, il est proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation objective formelle de l\u2019indicateur de r\u00e9sultat et de l\u2019organisation du processus de soins. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019introduction d\u2019actions d\u2019am\u00e9lioration dans le processus de soins, le taux de BAC a diminu\u00e9 pour ensuite rester \u00e0 un faible niveau (moins de 1 BAC par 1000 jours-cath\u00e9ter).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fig. 4 Evolution des BAC\/1000 jours-cath\u00e9ter (de dialyse) aupr\u00e8s des patients d\u2019h\u00e9modialyse chronique, avant et apr\u00e8s intervention dans un h\u00f4pital aigu.<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1481\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr-750x249.jpg\" alt=\"noso-XIX-04-11-fr\" width=\"750\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr-750x249.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr-1024x340.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr-228x76.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/noso-XIX-04-11-fr-80x27.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><br \/> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Des proc\u00e9dures claires et des soins uniformes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de cath\u00e9ters ont permis d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les la qualit\u00e9 des soins, donnant lieu \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction effective du nombre de BAC. Mesurer une qualit\u00e9, comparer des chiffres avec une norme accept\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale et mettre en place un projet de qualit\u00e9 PDCA sont autant d\u2019actions suscitant une implication et rapprochant diff\u00e9rents membres d\u2019\u00e9quipe\/disciplines. La surveillance actuelle des BAC devrait pouvoir \u00eatre \u00e9tendue au contr\u00f4le de l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques, de la dur\u00e9e de vie des cath\u00e9ters de dialyse et du nombre d\u2019hospitalisations li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un cath\u00e9ter.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude NOTICE (National Opportunity To Improve Infection Control in End-stage renal disease) a r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de grandes disparit\u00e9s concernant les mesures de pr\u00e9vention des infections sur les unit\u00e9s de dialyse aux \u00c9tats-Unis\u00a0; les meilleures pratiques ne sont pas partout traduites dans la pratique quotidienne <sup>[9]<\/sup>. Les choses ne sont peut-\u00eatre pas diff\u00e9rentes dans notre pays. Notre exp\u00e9rience nous a appris que le meilleur moyen d\u2019y rem\u00e9dier \u00e9tait de faire appel \u00e0 un projet d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 locale \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une \u00e9quipe motiv\u00e9e de n\u00e9phrologues et infirmiers de dialyse.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Bibliographie<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>[1]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/tunneled-cuffed-hemodialysis-catheter-related-bacteremia\/abstract\/5\">Inrig JK, Reed SD, Szczech LA, et al. Relationship between clinical outcomes and vascular access type among hemodialysis patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1:518.<br \/><\/a>[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/tunneled-cuffed-hemodialysis-catheter-related-bacteremia\/abstract\/9\">Fan PY, Schwab SJ. Vascular access: concepts for the 1990s. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1992; 3:1.<br \/><\/a>[3] Patel PR, Kallen AJ, Ardujo MJ, Epidemiology, surveillance and prevention of bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients, Am J Kidney Dis, 2010, 56(3), 566-577.<br \/>[4] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/tunneled-cuffed-hemodialysis-catheter-related-bacteremia\/abstract\/11\">Pastan S, Soucie JM, McClellan WM. Vascular access and increased risk of death among hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2002; 62:620.<br \/><\/a>[5] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/tunneled-cuffed-hemodialysis-catheter-related-bacteremia\/abstract\/12\">Allon M, Daugirdas J, Depner TA, et al. Effect of change in vascular access on patient mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47:469.<br \/><\/a>[6] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/tunneled-cuffed-hemodialysis-catheter-related-bacteremia\/abstract\/13\">Allon M. Dialysis catheter-related bacteremia: treatment and prophylaxis. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:779.<br \/><\/a>[7] 7 fasenmodel voor de ontwikkeling, implementatie, evaluatie en continue opvolging van zorgpaden, Netwerk Klinische Paden, Centrum voor Ziekenhuis-en Verplegingswetenschap KU Leuven <a href=\"https:\/\/nkp.be\/zorgpaden\/methodologie\">https:\/\/nkp.be\/zorgpaden\/methodologie<br \/><\/a>[8] Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for vascular access, 2006 updates NKF DOQI.<br \/>[9] Chenoweth CE et al., Variation in infection prevention practices in dialysis facilities: results from the National Opportunity to improve Infection Control in ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease) Project, Inf Control and Hosp Epidem, 2015, 36(7), 802-806.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdf24Plugin-cp\"> \t<form name=\"pdf24Form0\" method=\"post\" target=\"pdf24PopWin\" action=\"https:\/\/doc2pdf.pdf24.org\/wordpress.php\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogCharset\" value=\"Cw1x07UAAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogPosts\" value=\"MwQA\" 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