{"id":1097918,"date":"2024-09-09T06:40:37","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T05:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/?p=1097918"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:40:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T05:40:37","slug":"prevalence-et-facteurs-de-risque-de-portage-de-mrsa-a-ladmission-dans-une-unite-dhospitalisation-geriatrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/prevalence-et-facteurs-de-risque-de-portage-de-mrsa-a-ladmission-dans-une-unite-dhospitalisation-geriatrique\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9valence et facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission dans une unit\u00e9 d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019apr\u00e8s un article publi\u00e9 dans The Journal of Hospital Infection : \u00ab Prevalence and factors associated with methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> (MRSA) colonisation on admission to geriatric care units: impact on screening practices \u00bb A. Bruyneel, I. Miesse, D. Mathieu, C. Djuidj\u00e9 Yuemo, A. Simon<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1097929\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs-750x554.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs-750x554.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs-768x568.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs-228x168.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs-80x60.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mrs.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/b><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bien que Sciensano indique que sa pr\u00e9valence diminue ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>(Latour, Goossens, Hallin, &amp; Huang, 2020), le <i>Staphylocoque dor\u00e9 <\/i>r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la m\u00e9ticilline (MRSA) reste responsable de nombreuses infections associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des taux de morbidit\u00e9 et mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9s (Dantes et al., 2013; Li et al., 2021). Ces infections peuvent entrainer une augmentation de la dur\u00e9e de s\u00e9jour, de la fr\u00e9quence des r\u00e9admissions et impliquer des traitements particuliers qui accroissent les co\u00fbts pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et les h\u00f4pitaux (Andreassen et al., 2017; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2009; Nelson et al., 2022). Dans nos r\u00e9gions, de nombreuses personnes sont porteuses asymptomatiques de MRSA. On estime que 9 \u00e0 33% d\u2019entre elles d\u00e9clareront un jour une infection \u00e0 MRSA (Popovich et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans la population g\u00e9riatrique, les acquisitions de MRSA et les bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mies \u00e0 MRSA sont plus fr\u00e9quentes que dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Les taux de mortalit\u00e9 suite \u00e0 une bact\u00e9ri\u00e9mie \u00e0 MRSA sont \u00e9galement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s chez les patients \u00e2g\u00e9s (Cuervo et al., 2016). Cette population, avec ses caract\u00e9ristiques propres, n\u00e9cessite donc une attention particuli\u00e8re en ce qui concerne le MRSA. Toutefois, il n\u2019existe actuellement pas de consensus concernant le d\u00e9pistage de MRSA dans la population g\u00e9riatrique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">R\u00e9cemment, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en Allemagne et publi\u00e9e dans Nature (Raschpichler et al., 2020) a permis, sur base d\u2019un d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique des patients admis aux urgences pour le MRSA, de mettre en \u00e9vidence 3 crit\u00e8res : le patient a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 porteur de MRSA, le patient n\u00e9cessite des soins chroniques et le patient est en cours de traitement oncologique. Le d\u00e9pistage des patients pour le MRSA suivant ces crit\u00e8res r\u00e9duit le nombre de patients d\u00e9pist\u00e9s \u00e0 25% des admissions tout en conservant de bonnes sensibilit\u00e9 et sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9. Cependant, l\u2019\u00e9tude ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur les patients admis aux urgences, ses r\u00e9sultats ne sont pas applicables tel quels aux unit\u00e9s de soins g\u00e9riatriques.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Par cons\u00e9quent, les objectifs de la pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude sont de d\u00e9terminer la pr\u00e9valence de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission dans les unit\u00e9s d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique et d\u2019identifier les facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA dans ce contexte. Suivant ces r\u00e9sultats, un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9pistage selon les crit\u00e8res issus des facteurs de risque sera test\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>M\u00e9thodes<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une \u00e9tude cas-t\u00e9moin (1 : 1) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au sein des unit\u00e9s d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique de six sites hospitaliers du r\u00e9seau Helora. Ces sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s car les patients y \u00e9taient syst\u00e9matiquement d\u00e9pist\u00e9s pour le MRSA lors de leur admission en g\u00e9riatrie via un frottis pool\u00e9 (nez-gorge-p\u00e9rin\u00e9e) et des frottis au niveau des plaies et appareillages le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant. De plus, les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans le cadre du d\u00e9pistage de MRSA sont analys\u00e9s de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re sur tous les sites hospitaliers inclus. L\u2019\u00e9tude r\u00e9trospective a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la base de dossiers des patients admis dans ces unit\u00e9s entre le 1er janvier 2021 et le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un cas se d\u00e9finit par un patient admis dans une des unit\u00e9s de g\u00e9riatrie incluses qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pist\u00e9 pour le MRSA dans les 48 heures suivant son admission et pour qui le d\u00e9pistage s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 positif. Un t\u00e9moin se d\u00e9finit par un patient admis dans une des unit\u00e9s de g\u00e9riatrie incluses au cours de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e que le cas auquel il est appari\u00e9 qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pist\u00e9 pour le MRSA dans les 48 heures suivant son admission et pour qui le d\u00e9pistage s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 n\u00e9gatif. <\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es des patients inclus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es sur la base de leur dossier informatis\u00e9. Il s\u2018agit du site de portage de MRSA pour les cas et, pour les cas ainsi que les t\u00e9moins, il s\u2019agit des facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA d\u00e9crits dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique (Jans et al., 2013; Latour et al., 2019; Raschpichler et al., 2020; Roth et al., 2016). Ces donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9es d\u2019abord par des m\u00e9thodes univari\u00e9es puis, via une m\u00e9thode d\u2019analyse multivari\u00e9e, toujours avec un risque d\u2019erreur de 5%.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>R\u00e9sultats<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La figure 1 d\u00e9crit la pr\u00e9valence annuelle de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission par 100 patients admis en unit\u00e9 d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique avec un intervalle de confiance \u00e0 95% par site hospitalier.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1097902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-750x285.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-750x285.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-1024x390.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-768x292.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-1536x584.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-228x87.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1-80x30.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-1.jpg 1572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les pr\u00e9valences de MRSA sont fort h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes que ce soit entre les sites hospitaliers mais aussi d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre. On observe toutefois des pr\u00e9valences comparables pour les sites hospitaliers d\u2019un m\u00eame bassin de soins (H1 et H3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La figure 2 repr\u00e9sente les sites de portage de MRSA des cas (nez-gorge-p\u00e9rin\u00e9e ou site clinique)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1097903\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"702\" height=\"718\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-2.jpg 702w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-2-228x233.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-2-59x60.jpg 59w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, le portage de MRSA se situe au niveau du nez, de la gorge et\/ou du p\u00e9rin\u00e9e. On retrouve plus rarement un portage simultan\u00e9 au niveau d\u2019un site clinique (plaie, urines, appareillage) et du nez, de la gorge et\/ou du p\u00e9rin\u00e9e. Enfin, les sites cliniques colonis\u00e9s ou infect\u00e9s par le MRSA associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un d\u00e9pistage n\u00e9gatif au niveau du nez, de la gorge et du p\u00e9rin\u00e9e sont tr\u00e8s rares.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tableau 1 : La description sociod\u00e9mographique de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon au moment de son admission en fonction des diff\u00e9rents groupes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1097904\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-750x417.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-750x417.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-1024x570.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-768x427.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-1536x855.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-1038x576.jpg 1038w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-228x127.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3-80x45.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-3.jpg 1696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00e9gende : fr\u00e9quence absolue (fr\u00e9quence relative) ; m\u00e9diane [p25-p75].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Selon les r\u00e9sultats de la m\u00e9thode d\u2019analyse univari\u00e9e, il existe une diff\u00e9rence significative entre les cas et les t\u00e9moins pour les variables suivantes : ancien portage connu de MRSA, r\u00e9sidence en maison de repos (ou maison de repos et de soins), soins \u00e0 domicile chroniques (plus fr\u00e9quents chez les t\u00e9moins), traitement antibiotique re\u00e7u end\u00e9ans les 3 mois et l\u00e9sion cutan\u00e9e chronique. Ces variables ont, ensuite, \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans un mod\u00e8le d\u2019analyse multivari\u00e9e dont les rapports de cote ajust\u00e9s et p-valeur sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans le tableau 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Tableau 2<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Variables int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans un mod\u00e8le d\u2019analyse multivari\u00e9e avec rapports de cote et p-valeur<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1097905\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-750x241.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"241\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-750x241.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-1024x330.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-768x247.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-1536x495.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-228x73.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4-80x26.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-4.jpg 1702w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette analyse indique que les facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission dans une unit\u00e9 d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique sont l\u2019ancien portage de MRSA, la r\u00e9sidence en maison de repos et la pr\u00e9sence de l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es chroniques. En appliquant un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9pistage de MRSA sur base de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un de ces trois crit\u00e8res \u00e0 notre \u00e9chantillon, l\u2019aire sous la courbe ROC (figure 3) est de 73% tandis que la sensibilit\u00e9 et la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent respectivement \u00e0 72.3% (IC95% : 69.8-75.7%) et 62.6% (IC95% : <br \/>58.2-66.4%). L\u2019utilisation de ces crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9pistage \u00e0 la place du d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique permettrait de ne d\u00e9pister que 55% des patients admis.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Figure 3 AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1097906\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-750x438.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-750x438.jpg 750w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-1024x598.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-768x448.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-1536x896.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-228x133.jpg 228w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5-80x47.jpg 80w, http:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Miesse-5.jpg 1806w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Discussion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette \u00e9tude porte sur la pr\u00e9valence et les facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission dans une unit\u00e9 de g\u00e9riatrie. Les r\u00e9sultats de celle-ci permettent de faire diff\u00e9rents constats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u2019abord, la pr\u00e9valence du portage de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission dans les unit\u00e9s \u00e9tudi\u00e9es peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme faible en comparaison avec les r\u00e9sultats de diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures sur le sujet que ce soit par rapport \u00e0 des unit\u00e9s de g\u00e9riatrie (Dulon et al., 2011; Nitti et al., 2023; Sax et al., 2005) ou, plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, \u00e0 des unit\u00e9s aigu\u00ebs (Dulon et al., 2011; Marzec and Bessesen, 2016; Roth et al., 2016). En outre, l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de cette pr\u00e9valence entre les diff\u00e9rents sites hospitaliers peut certainement trouver, en partie, une explication par la provenance de nombreux cas issus de 2 maisons de repos. Celles-ci ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es et leurs responsables ainsi que les autorit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9s de la possible pr\u00e9valence importante de portage de MRSA chez leurs r\u00e9sidents.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ensuite, les facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA mis en \u00e9vidence dans cette \u00e9tude (ancien portage de MRSA, r\u00e9sidence en maison de repos et pr\u00e9sence de plaie chronique) ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voqu\u00e9s par les auteurs d\u2019autres \u00e9tudes sur le sujet (Harbarth et al., 2006, 2008; Raschpichler et al., 2020; Tacconelli et al., 2009). D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, certains facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA \u00e9voqu\u00e9s dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique ne peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des facteurs de risque dans cette \u00e9tude. N\u00e9anmoins, les articles pr\u00e9sentant des facteurs de risques absents des r\u00e9sultats de la pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude ne ciblent pas les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de la population g\u00e9riatrique ou ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9valence de MRSA \u00e9tait beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle (Sax et al., 2005).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En outre, l\u2019\u00e9valuation de tous les avantages et inconv\u00e9nients de l\u2019application d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9pistage bas\u00e9 sur les crit\u00e8res propos\u00e9s ici est importante. En effet, l\u2019application d\u2019un tel mod\u00e8le permet, par rapport \u00e0 un d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique des patients admis, une diminution des co\u00fbts li\u00e9s au d\u00e9pistage, une diminution de la charge de travail pour le personnel soignant et une augmentation du confort pour les patients. De plus, un d\u00e9pistage cibl\u00e9 du MRSA semble obtenir un meilleur rapport co\u00fbt-efficacit\u00e9 que le d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique(Dymond et al., 2020; Joubert et al., 2022; Raschpichler et al., 2020). Une \u00e9tude canadienne a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que, si le d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique permet d\u2019identifier trois fois plus de patients porteurs de MRSA, celui-ci ne permettait pas de r\u00e9duire les acquisitions nosocomiales de MRSA (Roth et al., 2016). Toutefois, il convient de rester attentif \u00e0 une potentielle augmentation de la colonisation des patients par le MRSA qui pourrait engendrer des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur les patients. L\u2019application du mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9pistage en g\u00e9riatrie selon les 3 crit\u00e8res mis en avant ne devrait cependant pas causer de grande augmentation de la transmission de MRSA au sein des h\u00f4pitaux car l\u2019un des crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9pistage est la pr\u00e9sence de plaie cutan\u00e9e. Or, plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les plus grands diss\u00e9minateurs de MRSA \u00e9taient les patients qui \u00e9taient porteurs de ce germe au niveau de leurs plaies (Campbell et al., 2004; Peters et al., 2017). Avec le mod\u00e8le propos\u00e9, ces diss\u00e9minateurs devraient \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s et des mesures pourraient \u00eatre prises pour limiter le risque de contamination d\u2019autres patients.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Enfin, les recommandations en faveur d\u2019un d\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique de tous les patients \u00e0 l\u2019admission ne concernent que les h\u00f4pitaux avec une pr\u00e9valence de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission \u00e9lev\u00e9e ou les cas sporadiques d\u2019augmentation brutale d\u2019incidence de MRSA.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Limites<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette \u00e9tude pr\u00e9sente plusieurs limites. Premi\u00e8rement, aucune pond\u00e9ration menant \u00e0 un score de d\u00e9pistage n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux facteurs de risque en fonction de leur importance. Cependant, l\u2019identification d\u2019un facteur de risque conduisant \u00e0 un d\u00e9pistage est plus facile \u00e0 utiliser que le calcul d\u2019un score sur base de facteurs de risque menant \u00e0 un d\u00e9pistage. Deuxi\u00e8mement, la taille de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon peut paraitre restreinte par rapport \u00e0 celles d\u2019autres \u00e9tudes sur le sujet. Toutefois, cette \u00e9tude est multicentrique et inclus les donn\u00e9es de deux ann\u00e9es. Troisi\u00e8mement, les facteurs analys\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s sur la base de la litt\u00e9rature traitant des facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA mais d\u2019autres facteurs auraient pu \u00eatre inclus au mod\u00e8le multivari\u00e9. Quatri\u00e8mement, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une \u00e9tude observationnelle qui peut entrainer des biais de s\u00e9lection et d\u2019observation. De plus, les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9colt\u00e9es \u00e0 partir des dossiers des patients, certaines donn\u00e9es peuvant donc \u00eatre manquantes. Enfin, le taux de patients test\u00e9s pour le MRSA \u00e0 leur admission n\u2019a pu \u00eatre r\u00e9colt\u00e9 ce qui peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 &#8230;.comme un biais potentiel de s\u00e9lection.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Conclusions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La pr\u00e9valence de portage de MRSA \u00e0 l\u2019admission en hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique \u00e9tait faible dans cette \u00e9tude. Cependant, des diff\u00e9rences significatives de pr\u00e9valence ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es entre les h\u00f4pitaux inclus. Trois facteurs de risque de portage de MRSA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s : ancien portage de MRSA connu, pr\u00e9sence de l\u00e9sion cutan\u00e9e chronique et r\u00e9sidence en maison de repos. L\u2019utilisation de ces facteurs de risque en tant que crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9pistage au sein des unit\u00e9s d\u2019hospitalisation g\u00e9riatrique permettrait de<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>r\u00e9duire de mani\u00e8re significative le nombre de patients d\u00e9pist\u00e9s pour le MRSA tout en conservant des sensibilit\u00e9 et sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 acceptables.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Andreassen AES, Jacobsen CM, De Blasio B, et al. (2017) The impact of methicillin-resistant S. aureus on length of stay, readmissions and costs: a register based case-control study of patients hospitalized in Norway. <i>Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control <\/i>6(1): 74. DOI: 10.1186\/s13756-017-0232-x.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. Barlow G, Duffy S, Monnet D, et al. (2017) <i>Economic Evaluations of Interventions to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections Literature Review<\/i>. Stockholm: ECDC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. Campbell KM, Vaughn AF, Russell KL, et al. (2004) Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> infections in an outbreak of disease among military trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002. <i>Journal of Clinical Microbiology<\/i> 42(9): 4050\u20134053. DOI: 10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4050-4053.2004.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. Carrington AM, Manuel DG, Fieguth PW, et al. (2023) Deep ROC Analysis and AUC as Balanced Average Accuracy, for Improved Classifier Selection, Audit and Explanation. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence <\/i>45(1): 329\u2013341. DOI: 10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3145392.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. Chr\u00e9tien L, Massicotte Jos\u00e9e and Pilon PA (2006) <i>Mesures de pr\u00e9vention et de contr\u00f4le des infections \u00e0 Staphylococcus aureus r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la m\u00e9thicilline (SARM) au Qu\u00e9bec: guide de pr\u00e9vention et de contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019intention des \u00e9tablissements de soins<\/i>. 2e \u00e9d., version int\u00e9rimaire. Montr\u00e9al: L\u2019Institut\u202f: AMMIQ.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. Cuervo G, Gasch O, Shaw E, et al. (2016) Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of MRSA bacteraemia in the elderly. <i>Journal of Infection<\/i> 72(3): 309\u2013316. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.12.009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. Cuschieri S (2019) The STROBE guidelines. S<i>audi Journal of Anaesthesia<\/i> 13(Suppl 1): S31\u2013S34. DOI: 10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. Dantes R, Mu Y, Belflower R, et al. (2013) National burden of invasive methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus <\/i>infections, United States, 2011. <i>JAMA internal medicine<\/i> 173(21): 1970\u20131978. DOI: 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.10423.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9. Denis O, Jans B, Deplano A, et al. (2009) Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among residents of nursing homes in Belgium. J<i>ournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy<\/i> 64(6): 1299\u20131306. DOI: 10.1093\/jac\/dkp345.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. Dulon M, Haamann F, Peters C, et al. (2011) MRSA prevalence in european healthcare settings: a review. <i>BMC Infectious Diseases<\/i> 11(1): 138. DOI: 10.1186\/1471-2334-11-138.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11. Dymond A, Davies H, Mealing S, et al. (2020) Genomic Surveillance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Mathematical Early Modeling Study of Cost-effectiveness. <i>Clinical Infectious Diseases<\/i> 70(8): 1613\u20131619. DOI: 10.1093\/cid\/ciz480.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12. Elias J, Heuschmann PU, Schmitt C, et al. (2013) Prevalence dependent calibration of a predictive model for nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. <i>BMC infectious diseases<\/i> 13: 111. DOI: 10.1186\/1471-2334-13-111.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (ed.) (2009) <i>The Bacterial Challenge, Time to React: A Call to Narrow the Gap between Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the EU and the Development of New Antibacterial Agents. <\/i>ECDC\/ EMEA joint technical report. Stockholm: ECDC. DOI: 10.2900\/2518.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14. Harbarth S, Sax H, Fankhauser-Rodriguez C, et al. (2006) Evaluating the probability of previously unknown carriage of MRSA at hospital admission. <i>The American Journal of Medicine <\/i>119(3): 275.e15\u201323. DOI: 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.04.042.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">15. Harbarth S, Sax H, Uckay I, et al. (2008) A predictive model for identifying surgical patients at risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage on admission. J<i>ournal of the American College of Surgeons<\/i> 207(5): 683\u2013689. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.05.023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16. High Council for Health (2019) Recommendations for the prevention, control and management of patients carrying multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare settings (MDRO). Available at: https:\/\/www.health.belgium.be\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/fields\/fpshealth_theme_file\/20200910_css-9277_mdro_update_vweb.pdf (accessed 8 August 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">17. Huang SS, Singh R, McKinnell JA, et al. (2019) Decolonization to Reduce Postdischarge Infection Risk among MRSA Carriers. <i>New England Journal of Medicine<\/i> 380(7): 638\u2013650. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1716771.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">18. Jans B, Schoevaerdts D, Huang T-D, et al. (2013) Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms among Nursing Home Residents in Belgium. PLoS ONE Kluytmans J (ed.) 8(5): e64908. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0064908.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19. Joubert D, Cullati S, Briot P, et al. (2022) How to improve hospital admission screening for patients at risk of multidrug-resistant organism carriage: a before-and-after interventional study and cost-effectiveness analysis. <i>BMJ Open Quality<\/i> 11(2): e001699. DOI: 10.1136\/bmjoq-2021-001699.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">20. Latour K, Huang T-D, Jans B, et al. (2019) Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in nursing homes in Belgium in 2015. PLOS ONE Kluytmans J (ed.) 14(3): e0214327. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0214327.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21. Latour K, Denis O, Goossens H, et al. (2022) Epidemiology and public health \u2013 Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. ISSN: 2593-7073. Sciensano. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciensano.be\/fr\/biblio\/surveillance-antimicrobial-resistant-bacteria-belgian-hospitals-report-2019-2020 (accessed 30 August 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">22. Latour K, Catry B, Devleesschauwer B, et al. (2022) Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Belgian nursing homes: results of three point prevalence surveys between 2010 and 2016. Archives of Public Health = Archives Belges De Sante Publique 80(1): 58. DOI: 10.1186\/s13690-022-00818-1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">23. Li Z, Zhuang H, Wang G, et al. (2021) Prevalence, predictors, and mortality of bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with malignancy: systemic review and meta-analysis. BMC infectious diseases 21(1): 74. DOI: 10.1186\/s12879-021-05763-y.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24. Marzec NS and Bessesen MT (2016) Risk and outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia among patients admitted with and without MRSA nares colonization. American Journal of Infection Control 44(4): 405\u2013408. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.11.006.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">25. Nelson RE, Hyun D, Jezek A, et al. (2022) Mortality, Length of Stay, and Healthcare Costs Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections Among Elderly Hospitalized Patients in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases 74(6): 1070\u20131080. DOI: 10.1093\/cid\/ciab696.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26. Nitti MT, Sleghel F, Kaczor M, et al. (2023) Colonization of Residents and Staff of an Italian Long-Term Care Facility and an Adjacent Acute Care Hospital Geriatrics Unit by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Microbial Drug Resistance: mdr.2023.0019. DOI: 10.1089\/mdr.2023.0019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">27. Peters C, Dulon M, Kleinm\u00fcller O, et al. (2017) MRSA Prevalence and Risk Factors among Health Personnel and Residents in Nursing Homes in Hamburg, Germany &#8211; A Cross-Sectional Study. PloS One 12(1): e0169425. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0169425.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">28. Popovich KJ, Aureden K, Ham DC, et al. (2023) SHEA\/IDSA\/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology 44(7): 1039\u20131067. DOI: 10.1017\/ice.2023.102.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">29. Raschpichler G, Raupach-Rosin H, Akmatov MK, et al. (2020) Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for MRSA carriage at hospital admission in Southeast Lower Saxony, Germany. Scientific Reports 10(1): 17998. DOI: 10.1038\/s41598-020-75094-6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">30. Roth VR, Longpre T, Coyle D, et al. (2016) Cost Analysis of Universal Screening vs. Risk Factor-Based Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PLOS ONE Schildgen O (ed.) 11(7): e0159667. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0159667.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">31. Sasahara T, Ae R, Yoshimura A, et al. (2020) Association between length of residence and prevalence of MRSA colonization among residents in geriatric long-term care facilities. BMC Geriatrics 20(1): 481. DOI: 10.1186\/s12877-020-01885-1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">32. Sax H, Harbarth S, Gavazzi G, et al. (2005) Prevalence and prediction of previously unknown MRSA carriage on admission to a geriatric hospital. Age and Ageing 34(5): 456\u2013462. DOI: 10.1093\/ageing\/afi135.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">33. Schubert M, Clarke SP, Aiken LH, et al. (2012) Associations between rationing of nursing care and inpatient mortality in Swiss hospitals. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 24(3): 230\u2013238. DOI: 10.1093\/intqhc\/mzs009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">34. Suetens C, Niclaes L, Jans B, et al. (2006) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Is Associated with Higher Mortality in Nursing Home Residents with Impaired Cognitive Status: MRSA: HIGHER MORTALITY IN NURSING HOMES. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54(12): 1854\u20131860. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00972.x.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">35. Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, de Waure C, et al. (2009) Rapid screening tests for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at hospital admission: systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 9(9): 546\u2013554. DOI: 10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70150-1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">36. Vincent J-L, Sakr Y, Singer M, et al. (2020) Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection Among Patients in Intensive Care Units in 2017. JAMA 323(15): 1478. DOI: 10.1001\/jama.2020.2717.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdf24Plugin-cp\"> \t<form name=\"pdf24Form0\" method=\"post\" target=\"pdf24PopWin\" action=\"https:\/\/doc2pdf.pdf24.org\/wordpress.php\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogCharset\" value=\"Cw1x07UAAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogPosts\" value=\"MwQA\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogUrl\" value=\"yygpKSi20tcvLy\/Xy8svzs\/MS8vXS0rVh7GLAQ==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogName\" value=\"8\/MP9lfw9HPzBwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogValueEncoding\" value=\"gzdeflate base64\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocHeader\" value=\"AwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocSize\" value=\"MzI0qDCyNAcA\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocOrientation\" value=\"K8gvKilKzCwBAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocStyle\" value=\"AwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"blogDocFilename\" value=\"AwA=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postId_0\" value=\"MzSwNLc0tAAA\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postTitle_0\" value=\"HYzBDYMwEARb2VYoIFIUKjjhC5zk2OTuzJs2+PF1He4klWDyGGmkWe1TW90ocpoY7HjT5FzUEBgq9i1825rVaf7r4zUOaCfibz8ofMRMckKgZCiJO+KtIvS6ZFvFKYqR35u5VRVylX56AQ==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postLink_0\" value=\"NcxRCsMwDAPQE7n53228xm0NqZ1aznL9tYN9CB5I6MjseJUy51zM4WqbL28pf6P0kA83sVVIkjZeU0aAqlAoriGPukfy\/uMZYGJqXE8F1I0qG2iY3NG8N4eja3JTcD79LqGcofdX+QI=\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postAuthor_0\" value=\"8wkCAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postDateTime_0\" value=\"MzIwMtE1sAQiBQMzKwNLK2NzAA==\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postContent_0\" value=\"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\" \/><\/form> \t<div class=\"pdf24Plugin-cp-link\"> \t\t<a href=\"#\" onclick=\"var pdf24Win = window.open('about:blank', 'pdf24PopWin', 'resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=600,height=250,left='+(screen.width\/2-300)+',top='+(screen.height\/3-125)+''); pdf24Win.focus(); document.pdf24Form0.submit(); if(typeof pdf24OnCreatePDF === 'function'){void(pdf24OnCreatePDF(this,pdf24Win));} return false;\">Download article as PDF<\/a> \t<\/div> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bien que Sciensano indique que sa pr\u00e9valence diminue ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>(Latour, Goossens, Hallin, &amp; Huang, 2020), le <i>Staphylocoque dor\u00e9 <\/i>r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la m\u00e9ticilline (MRSA)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1097929,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1097918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1097918"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1106626,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1097918\/revisions\/1106626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1097929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1097918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1097918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1097918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}